First, it helps to understand what a clove of garlic actually is. Fresh garlic is usually sold in heads, which look like bulbs and are covered with a thin, white papery skin. Once you remove the outer layer, you’ll see that each bulb contains several smaller sections, also wrapped in papery skin. These sections are called cloves of garlic.
You can easily separate individual cloves from the head and use them in your cooking while saving the remaining cloves for later. Garlic cloves can vary in size. Some are small, while others are much larger. When following a recipe, use your best judgment. If you have a very small clove, you can combine it with another small one to equal a standard clove. If you have a large clove, you may only need part of it.
Keep in mind that using slightly more or less garlic usually won’t have a major impact on the final taste of a dish. In the end, the amount of garlic you use comes down to personal preference. Many chefs even joke that whenever a recipe calls for a certain amount of garlic, they simply double it to make the dish more flavorful.